Oil burner stove



Patented Mar. 31 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE 3 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in oil burner stoves, and more particularly to the type of stove employing oil or other liquid fuel in a burner and used as a room heater, of the type set forth in my prior Patent No. 2,311,570, granted February 16, 1943.

One object of this invention is to improve the construction of the stove, and particularly the burner thereof, to insure a more efficient operation and a more complete combustion of the fuel in the burner.

This may be accomplished, according to one embodiment of the invention, by supplying fuel oil to the burner and by the provision of means to introduce both primary and secondary air to the burner in a direction which will insure of comp ete combustion of all of the gaseou fuel. The primary air is introduced into the fire pot, and a secondary air is introduced at the upper edge thereof in a direction which will cause the secondary air to become thoroughly mixed with the gaseous products of combustion directly at the top of the burner and thereby insure of complete combustion of all the gaseous products of combustion and the combustible particles therein before these rise appreciably in the heater chamber, thereby preventing combustible gases from passing off through the flue without obtaining combustion thereof. The secondary air passages, preferably, are arranged in a plane that is substantially normal to the upright axis of the burner and these passages should be arranged substantially tangent to a circle extending about said axis, to effect a complete intermixing of the secondary air with the rising products of combustion.

The burner, preferably, is attached to the heating chamber and this, in turn, rests upon a base which is adapted to sit on the floor. Provision is made for a triangular adjustment between the burner chamber and the base whereby the combustion chamber may be leveled with respect to the base. This adjustment, preferably, is made by a bolt having a nut slidably mounted in a guideway, the bolt being connected with one member and the guideway with the other, so that, upon adjustment of the bolt, the parts may be secured in relative positions that will hold the burner level regardless of the inclination of the floor.

, These features are shown in one embodiment in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the heater, partly in section, showing the invention applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a detail perspective view, partly in section, of the burner adjustment;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a secondary air screen;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view through the burner on the line 44 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a detailed cross section through the secondary air screen on the line 55 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view of the lower portion of the oil supply chamber with parts broken away and with parts shown in section; and

Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view of the feed line cleaner mechanism.

The heater, in the form illustrated, comprises an elongated base I upon which is supported a heating chamber 2 at one end of the base and an oil tank 3 at the opposite end thereof, substantially in the relation set forth in my prior Patent No. 2,311,570. A heat insulator is shown at 4, supported on the base intermediate the heating chamber and the oil tank 3, tending to prevent undue heating of the oil in the tank. The oil tank 3 is of the maintained oil level type and from which the oil is adapted to be supplied to a sump 3a which connects to the burner in the bottom of the heating chamber 2. An overflow pipe 3b is provided in the side of the sump 3a and to which a hose may be connected.

The base I is adapted to rest directly on the floor or other surface upon which the stove is to be mounted, and the base I supports thereon a base section 5, separate from the base I and capable of vertical adjustment with respect thereto. The heating chamber 2 and the oil tank 3 are mounted directly upon the base section 5 and are supported thereby.

In an oil stove employing a maintained oil level type of burner, such as that illustrated, it is important that the burner be mounted in a level position, regardless of the-inclination or irregularity of the floor surface. Accordingly, provision is made for adjustment of the base section 5 to insure of the leveling of the burner without interference by an irregular floor surface. A tri angular type of adjustment is provided for the base section 5,.upon the base I, by means of three adjustment devices, two of which are located on opposite sides of the burner beneath the chamber 2 and a third adjustment device is located at the opposite end of the base 5, at the right in Fig. 1. This adjustment device, preferably, comprises a bolt and a. guideway connected between the base I and the base section 5, one of said elements being connected with one member and the other with the other member.

In the form illustrated, a channel-shaped guldeway is shown at 6, secured by welding or other fastening to the base I and having a slot 1 in the closed side thereof, as shown in Fig. 2. A bolt 8 extends through a hole 9 in the base section 5, and through the slot 1 into the channel 6, where it is provided with a nut I0, slidably guided and confined within the channel so as to accommodate for relative vertical adjustment of the base I with respect to the base section 5, after which these parts may be secured rigidly together by tightening the bolt 8, effecting a clamping action between the parts and 6 thereby.

The burner comprises a burner pot, generally designated at II, and which has air inlets Ii at spaced intervals around the periphery thereof, which air inlets admit a portion of the primary air into the burner pot II. A spreader-pot I2 is mounted in the burner pot I I, which spreaderpot I2 has an outturned lip I3 on the periphery thereof at its upper edge, which lip is adapted to seat on a shoulder It provided in the top of the main pot II. The spreader-pot I2 is also perforated, as indicated at I5. A wall It extends upwardly from burner pots I I and I2 and is perforated at I 8 to admit additional primary air thereinto.

The burner pot H is adapted to receive oil with a maintained oil level therein, the oil being supplied through a pipe I8 extending from the oil tank 3, through base section 5. Provision is made at the bottom of the oil sump tea for maintaining the oil level in the burner II, as is wellknown in such oil burner stoves. A control valve may be provided as desired, as indicated at it, in a side of the base section 5.

A portion of the air admitted through slots I1 will pass through peripheral openings II into burner pot II, so as to supply oxygen thereto to insure the burning of the fuel when the fuel in-put is adjusted to the low heat range. By having the air thus admitted to the burner pot I I and by the positioning of the spreader-pot 52, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, the flame will have a tendency to spread over the entire lower surface cf spreader-pot I2 and thus reduce the carbon deposits at the opening of pipe I8 leading into the burner pot ii. Another portion of the air, which is also considered as primary air, will pass in through the perforations in wall IE to further support combustion in burner pot l l. By having the air inlets II and i6 arranged in this manner the low flame may be maintained in the burner pot I i, because of the air inlets II and a high flame will be maintained at the top of the perforated wall or screen It. The fumes rising from the surface of the maintained .oil level in the burner pot II will be spread out and deflected by the spreader-pot l2, to which the air is supplied in uniform manner through the slots I5 so as to insure of uniform combustion over the entire area of the burner pot. The products of combustion will pass up through the screen I6 into the heating chamber 2.

Provision is made for supplying secondary air to the products of combustion as they pass into the heating chamber 2 to insure of complete combustion of all combustible products at the lower end of the heating chamber without danger that they will pass off through the flue at the top thereof, which flue is indicated at 20 in Fig. 1. It is preferred to use a secondary air ring, generally indicated at 2|, for this purpose, which ring is supported at the top of the screen I6 and centered thereover, being mounted upon an annular ring 22 and confined in place by aninturned flange 23 at the inner edge of a irustoconical bafiie 24. The periphery of the baffle 24 is secured to the wall of the heating chamber 2, as shown in detail in Fig. 4. This baffle 24 tends to deflect inwardly the rising air currents in the base section 5 to supply primary and secondary air, as described.

The secondary air ring 2| preferably is formed from two plates, each having grooves pressed in the surface thereof, as shown more clearly in Fig. 5, and the two plates are fitted together and spotwelded between the grooves to form complemen tary tubes 25 therein which extend inwardly at an angle from the periphery to the inner edge of the air ring. These pressed tubes, preferably, are so formed as to extend inwardly at an angle approaching a tangent to the inner edge of the ring, which is circular and concentric with the screen I6, as shown particularly in Fig. 3. They are open at their outer and inner ends so as to admit secondary air and to direct it through the ring from under the baffie 24 into the rising column of the products of combustion from the top of the screen I6.

This secondary air directed into the rising column of gaseous products of the combustion from the burner substantially tangential to the axial hole in the secondary air ring 2!, will cause upward and outward deflection of the rising column directly at the top of the burner and will tend to mix the secondary air therewith in a way which will cause complete combustion of all combustible particles contained in the gaseous mixture. This will provide a more thorough and complete combustion of the gases, which will take place atthe bottom of the heating chamber 2, and thus prevent the passing of dangerous combustible products out through the flue 2 3, thus obtaining a more eflicient operating stove as a result thereof.

It is to be pointed out that the tangential arrangement of air inlet tubes 25 does not give a whirling action to the flame when the burner is in operation, but that the arrangement will cause the flame to burn around the outer edge of the inner opening 2! of the secondary air inlet ring 2I The up-draft created by the primary air passing in through air inlets II and I6 causes a deflection of the blaze outward, as is shown by the arrows in Fig. 4. This will cause the chamber 2 to become heated around the lower part thereof, which greatly increases the efficiency of a stove of this character.

Spaced around the periphery, the primary air inlets II, as are provided in the burner I I, direct air into the lower part of the burner and below spreader-pot I2 which enables the adjustment of the burner to a very low flame, as the air is admixed with the products of combustion in a suflicient quantity to prevent the burner from becoming extinguished.

An over-flow pipe 3b has been provided in reservoir 3a, so in event of a leak in tank 3, the fuel will not be discharged onto the floor, but be directed outward through over-flow pipe 3b onto which a suitable hose may be attached, which hose will direct the over-flow fuel into a suitable container.

It is to be pointed out that the stove is constructed in sections, which makes for simplicity in manufacture and shipping, and makes the stove more easily assembled and disassembled. It is also to be pointed out that a ring 26, with inturned lips, is adapted to' engage a groove in the lower edge of heating chamber 2 and a groove in the upper portion of base section 5, thus binding the frusto-conical baille intermediate the base section 5 and the heating chamber 2. With the ring 26 arranged in this manner, the base sec-: tion 5 and the heating chamber 2 are secured together by bolt 21 which passes through ears 28, as shown in Fig. 1. Thus the entire burner assembly may be readily installed or removed, or access may be had thereto for cleaning and repair.

A pipe 29 is adapted to intersect, in fluid tight relation, the fuel supply pipe l8 and is positioned near pot II. This pipe 29 extends upwardly to a point above the normal fue1 level in the reservoir beneath tank 3. A plunger 30 is positioned within the pipe 29 and has a flexible spring-like cleaner member 3| adapted to slide within the pipe 29 and into the pipe I8 and out through the burner pot II. A spring 32 is attached to the plunger 39 for retraction thereof, and of the cleaner member 31. Therefore, in order to clean the opening of the pipe 18 where it enters the pot II, it is necessary only to press plunger 30 inward and release, this action will cause the plunger and the cleaner member to remove the carbon and sludge from the opening of the pipe 19 as it enters the pot II.

I claim:

1. A burner comprising an oil pot adapted to receive oil therein, a member having peripheral perforations formed therein connected with said oil pot and extending upwardly therefrom, a spreader-pot positioned within said oil pot and having the peripheral wall thereof secured to the upper edge portion of said oil pot with said spreader-pot suspended in bridging relation across said oil pot and spaced inwardly therefrom, said spreader-pot having an imperforate bottom portion and having perforations formed around the peripheral wall thereof immediately above said imperforate portion for spreading the fumes rising from the surface of said oil in said oil pot.

2. A burner comprising an oil pot adapted to receive oi1 therein, which oil is maintained at a predetermined level, an annular screen extending upwardly from the periphery of said oil pot, said oil pot having a shoulder on the upper edge thereof, a spreader-pot having an out-turned flange around the upper periphery thereof positioned within said oil pot with said out-turned flange of said spreader-pot seating on said shoulder of said oil pot with said spreader-pot extending in bridging relation across said oil pot with the bottom surface of said spreader-pot spaced throughout from the adjacent portion of said oil pot, said spreader-pot having an imperforate bottom portion extending below said maintained oil level and having perforations formed around the periphery of said spreader pot above the level at which said oil is maintained so fumes rising from the oil in said oil pot will be spread so as to cause uniform burning when said fumes are ignited.

3. A burner comprising an oil pot adapted to receive a supply of oil therein, conduits formed in the outer periphery of said oil pot and extending downwardly for directing primary air from. the exterior of said pot into the pot into contact with the oil supply in the lower portion thereof, a spreader-pot having a substantially semi-spherical bottom therein mounted within said oil pot with the semi-spherical bottom portion being spaced upward from the bottom of said oil pot, apertures formed within the wall of said spreader-pot to form communication between said oil pot and the interior of said spreader-pot, an annular screen having perforations therein, which screen is connected to and extends upward from said oil pot for supplying additional primary air into said oil pot, and means for supplying sec ondary air substantially to the upper edge of said screen, comprising a ring extending therearound, air tubes formed within said ring and extending from the outer to the inner portion thereof, said air tubes being arranged substantially tangent to a circle extending about the axis of said screen, so said secondary air will cause a whirling action to the products of combustion when said oil in said pot is ignited, thereby increasing the efficiency of said combustion.

RICHARD M. PYLE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,433,516 Kieckhefer Oct. 24, 1922 1,566,489 Little Dec. 22, 1925 1,579,318 Hoffman Apr. 6, 1926 1,975,192 Chadwick et al Oct. 2, 1934 1,987,179 Chadwick Jan. 8, 1935 2,209,649 Frankland July 30, 1940 2,231,151 Breese et a1 Feb. 11, 1941 2,287,361 'Suchland June 23, 1942 2,311,570 Pyle Feb. 16, 1943 2,369,833 Livar Feb. 20, 1945 2,381,864 Breese et al Aug. 14, 1945 2,404,039 Castle July 16, 1946 2,432,143 De Lancey Dec. 9, 1947 2,499,308 Griewank Feb. 28, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 307,756 Italy May 13, 1933 819,048 France June 28, 1937 

